JC-10

The mitochondrial membrane potential fluorescent probe JC-10 is an upgraded version of JC-1, can be used to detect changes in mitochondrial membrane.

JC-10 is a mitochondrial membrane potential–sensitive fluorescent probe and an improved alternative to JC-1 for detecting changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). While JC-1 is widely used, its poor water solubility can lead to precipitation in aqueous buffers, particularly at higher working concentrations. JC-10 exhibits improved water solubility, allowing it to be used at higher concentrations and making it suitable for experiments in which JC-1 performance is limited. In healthy cells with intact mitochondrial membrane potential, JC-10 selectively accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix and forms reversible aggregates that emit red fluorescence (Ex = 540 nm, Em = 590 nm). When mitochondrial membrane potential decreases or collapses, JC-10 dissociates into monomers that localize in the cytoplasm and emit green fluorescence (Ex = 490 nm, Em = 525 nm).

JC-10 is a derivative of JC-1 useful for determining mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and in microplate-based fluorescent assays. This fluorescence shift enables both qualitative assessment of mitochondrial health and quantitative analysis by calculating the red-to-green fluorescence intensity ratio. JC-10 signals can be detected using standard flow cytometry channels (FL1 and FL2), as well as fluorescence microscopy and microplate-based assays. However, JC-10 performance is cell-type dependent.